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Conventional microfluidic systems, the "lab-on-a-chip" technologies that underpin much of modern biology and chemistry, rely on a hardware-based paradigm. Their channels, mixers, valves, and pumps are physically etched into materials like glass or PDMS, creating a fixed and immutable architecture. This approach, while powerful, suffers from inherent limitations:

Conventional 3D printing, or additive manufacturing (AM), has fundamentally changed prototyping and manufacturing by building objects layer-by-layer. However, this sequential approach suffers from inherent limitations: it is often slow, requires extensive support structures for complex geometries, and introduces anisotropic mechanical properties due to the layered interfaces. A revolutionary new paradigm,

The ability to design proteins from first principles—'de novo' design—represents a grand challenge in biotechnology and medicine. For decades, scientists have sought to create bespoke proteins tailored for specific functions, from high-affinity therapeutics to novel industrial enzymes. This endeavor, however, has been profoundly difficult, limited by

The existence of dark matter is one of the most profound puzzles in modern physics, inferred from its gravitational effects on galaxies and the large-scale structure of the universe, yet its composition remains unknown. Among the leading candidates is the axion, a hypothetical elementary particle originally proposed to solve the

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent a class of thousands of synthetic chemicals characterized by chains of carbon atoms saturated with fluorine atoms. The carbon-fluorine (C-F) bond is one of the strongest in organic chemistry, granting these compounds exceptional thermal and chemical stability. This has made them invaluable in a

The convergence of biotechnology and information technology has opened a frontier that was, until recently, the exclusive domain of science fiction: the creation of biocomputing systems. At the heart of this revolution is Organoid Intelligence (OI), an emerging field predicated on the integration of self-assembling 3D human brain organoids with

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) stands as a powerful, non-invasive neuroimaging technique that directly measures the faint magnetic fields generated by synchronous neural activity. It offers superior temporal resolution to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), tracking brain processes on a millisecond scale. However, conventional MEG technology is fundamentally constrained by its reliance on